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The private life of Indira Gandhi
There have been biographies on Indira Gandhi by Pupul Jayakar,
Zareer Masani and Inder Malhotra ... does Katherine Frank's show
us her feet of clay?
A FRIEND once told me a clerihew about Robert Clive which, with
the appearance of Katherine Frank's biography of Indira Gandhi,
seems equally suited to her:
For if Indira Gandhi were not safely dead, it is pretty certain
that Katherine Frank would have been clapped in irons within
Tihar Jail, locked up by the woman whose prolific love life she
seems, rather eponymously, the first to have been entirely frank
about.
It is in the nature of biographies of the safely dead to expose
or demolish privacies long rumoured or whispered about during the
subject's lifetime. But if the subject happens to be a holy cow
or has achieved the status of a deity, there is usually a
conservative furore in our part of the world when it is proven
she had something as depraved as a normal sex life. Rushdie's
foray into the Prophet's sanctum may have been provocatively
calculated to stir an Islamic hornet's nest, but even ordinary
depositions about the erotic relationships of sacred heroes make
people deeply uncomfortable.
About five years ago, Sisir Kumar and Sugata Bose published a
volume of letters exchanged between Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
and his Austrian lover, later his wife, Emilie Schenkl. Of course
Netaji was not dead five years ago and we know he is still alive
and eating shorshe machh even as we speak, but the book did
demolish the peculiarly Bengali-Victorian myth that Netaji, being
God, had no sex life. Netaji's letters went so far as to show
that not only did he love a being other than Bengal, he even had
a daughter by her. Which self-respecting Bengali could swallow
such an insult? This was even worse than the equivalent news in
Britain, some years ago, that Field Marshall Montgomery was gay
all along. The Forward Bloc immediately rioted and burnt the book
in Calcutta, though in the end they seem to have accepted that
Bengali deities too can be allowed the occasional carnality so
long as everyone continues to believe they are immortal.
At roughly the same time, there appeared a surprisingly third-
rate biography of Nehru by the American historian Stanley Wolpert
- surprisingly because Wolpert had always possessed the most
authentic credentials for being unfailingly second rate. This
book suggested that Nehru's many wild oats were not sown
exclusively among womankind: he had also favoured mankind when
young. Wolpert's creative enthusiasm for the multiple exercise of
Nehru's crotch, which had failed to intrigue earlier biographers
like S. Gopal and Michael Brecher, caused him to forget that
there happens to be a boundary between speculation and fact. His
book was temporarily banned in India: "stopped at Customs for
inspection".
Unlike her father, who himself would never have banned Wolpert,
Indira Gandhi was no Voltairean liberal. During her lifetime no
one would have dared openly accuse her of wanting men in bed. P.
N. Haksar and P. N. Dhar, both strikingly handsome Kashmiri
pandits who served her with integrity and distinction and have
written fine memoirs, analyse her emotions with perception but
say nothing about their boss's private life. In fact the most
perceptive observation about Indira Gandhi was once made by the
singer-writer Sheila Dhar (Mrs. P. N. Dhar), who knew Mrs. G.
well enough to notice that "Indira Gandhi had the developed
instincts of an animal, she always responded to people with her
skin". The political animal that was Indira Gandhi has long been
known and done to death: there have been biographies by Pupul
Jayakar, Zareer Masani and Inder Malhotra. It is high time
someone gave us an insight into the human animal and showed us
her feet of clay.
If Katherine Frank's Emily Bronte: A Chainless Soul (Hamish
Hamilton, 1990) is any indication, she is the very woman for the
task. The Bronte biography is one of the most moving pictures of
tragic womanhood I have ever read. Some of the phrases in Frank's
Preface to her Bronte biography provide an indication of why she
has also chosen to write about Indira Gandhi: "I see Emily
Bronte's life as troubled, solitary and austere ... she made her
own choices boldly and stuck by them ... she cared nothing for
the opinions and values of others ... there was much that was
dismaying, even forbidding, in her personality and the story of
her life is riddled with misfortune, loss and failure ... yet
there was an undercurrent of triumph in this life ... It was a
life of rare and awesome autonomy".
It is an indication of the intellectual condition of the Congress
Party that its old horses, who are very hoarse and very old, are
in a flutter about the fact that Mrs. G. may actually have had an
enjoyable sex life. My instinct is to applaud, but this just will
not do. Even in an era accustomed to scurrility, sleaze and
Shobha De, the Indian Caesar's daughter should be seen to be
chaste, Hindu and properly womanly. Whereas, if the stories told
are true - and in such matters every substantial accumulation of
rumours substitutes for proof - Indira Gandhi may even have been
a bad case of epitomising the brilliant parodic one-liner against
Hindu hypocrisy which says caste no bar lekin sex baar-baar. Mrs.
Gandhi had, it seems, nearly as much love for the pleasures of
her residential bed as of her prime ministerial chair. The Kissa
was as much Kursi Ka as Palang Ka.
Her list of hits is impressively long. A Parsi husband who turned
philanderer, a scandal-mongering Malayali old enough to be her
father's typist (he was once appropriately called a Remington
Randy), a yoga teacher who degenerated into a physical
instructor, a poodle Foreign Minister who never stepped far from
her Home Ministrations - how wonderful to learn that even as she
was shackling her country with authoritarianism, she was
unshackling her libido at home. What a riproaringly wonderful and
motley crew of purdah paramours our Rushdiean Widow seems to have
had. Our hearts go out to poor R. K. Dhawan. How awful he must
feel to be left out of this litany of lovers. Can we hope for a
memoir by him which regales us with proclamations of his non-
innocence? Can we hope that Mrs. Shobha De's publishers have
given her an "undisclosed sum" as royalty advance for her next
potboiler on a subject which seems so entirely tailor-made to
suit her well-polished talons?
Anyone with half an eye can see that Indira Gandhi's life can be
made, beyond the politics and jingoistic nationalism, the very
stuff of sex drama, of Babban Khan's Punjabi farce "Chaddhi
Javaani Buddhe Noo" (which translates roughly as "The Old Chap's
Turning Horny"), of the carnivalesque Restoration Comedy
tradition of parodying the aristocracy, of the "lewd" literature
of subversion which has such strong popular roots in so many of
the country's regional languages. Though it is now too late, the
material within Frank's biography could even have been made, for
instance, into an Italian romantic film starring Gina
Lollobrigida as the lovely Indira, Marcello Mastroanni as Feroze,
Edward G. Robinson as the seductively ugly M. O. Mathai and
Anthony Quinn as the rugged yoga teacher. Surely Sonia Gandhi,
liminally poised between India and Italy, could have been
persuaded to script such a film? The finances would naturally
have been provided by a joint venture set up between the
Quattrochi Family and the Sangh Parivar. The Guests of Honour at
the first screening would have been Khushwant Singh arm in arm
with Maneka Gandhi. What scenario other than the private life of
Indira Gandhi could possibly give such an equal measure of
delight, for such diverse reasons, to secularists and feminists,
the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Bahujan Samaj Party
(BSP)?
By art alone might such contraries be fused, enmities overcome.
As exponents of the comic tradition - from Aristophanes to
Shakespeare to Swift to Rushdie to Yes Minister to Spitting Image
to R. K. Laxman to Jaspal Bhatti to Black Adder - have shown, the
literary inflation and consequent deflation of politicians into
caricatures via comic art is the only certain method for the
ordinary citizen to get even with those who exercise everyday
power over us, to make us feel that our ordinariness at least
transcends the insanities of their politics. Those who love the
exercise of power fear ridicule even more than they fear
retirement. Mrs. G. seems to have feared it most of all. In this
seems to lie the psychological roots of the Emergency.
If the Congress Party were less stuffed with hypocritical
geriatrics it would realise that in this epoch, when Kaliyuga has
gone global and formed a multinational joint venture with the
bold and the beautiful, with liberalisation and liberalism, the
world of vice has, in large sections of urban India, been turned
upside down into the world of virtue. If you want to be
politically correct, sexuality and hedonism in the woman now
betoken female power. The idea of womanly virtue, of the fallen
woman, has fortunately no more stability than the Berlin Wall. It
may remain generally embedded as a patriarchal ideal, but
everyone knows that the winds of gender equality in sexual
matters have been blowing hard and chilling the traditional
Indian male's privates into a deep recession.
Yes, there is no doubt about it, Frank has done us a favour by
making Indira Gandhi roll out of her Cleopatra rug, by making the
skeletons in her bedsheets come tumbling out with her. It is time
we took the politics out of Indira's life and started to
democratically look her straight in the face. What if Katherine
Frank has got minor dates and details wrong? The next printing
will sort those out. Meanwhile, how delightful to know at last
that Mrs. G. was only as human as any of us, that the
peccadilloes for which Jawaharlal Nehru was moralistically
castigated merely inaugurated a tradition which continued and
flourished with his daughter. As we await the future biographies
of Rajiv and Sanjay, Sonia and Maneka, Varun and Priyanka, we can
only pray that this tradition of a rich and varied sexuality is
being actively maintained even now by India's immortal First
Family.
Rukun Advani is the author of Beethoven Among the Cows and runs
Permanent Black, a publishing company in New Delhi.
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